Реферат “F. Nictzsche Thus Spoke Zarathustra”

CONTENT

 

І. The life of Friedrich Nietzsche and the formation of his philosophical views

ІІ. The concept of the superman in the work “Thus Spoke Zarathustra”

References

 

І. The life of Friedrich Nietzsche and the formation of his philosophical views

 

Friedrich Nietzsche was born on October 15, 1844 near Leipzig. The education of the future philosopher took place in the gymnasium. The hours of study were so fatal for the young man, he took up writing, began to read ancient texts, overcoming an undefined desire to devote himself to music. There was also an introduction to the works of such thinkers as Byron, Schiller, Höldelrin, and Wagner. At the age of 10 he wrote poems and musical works, and at the age of 14 he began to write his autobiography. Frederick loved ancient languages: Greek, Latin [2].

After graduating from gymnasium, he entered the University of Bonn at the Faculty of Philology and Theology. Nietzsche established himself as a philosopher under the influence of Schopenhauer. He feels the boredom of student life and the deterioration of relations with fellow students, proving to them a progressive worldview. Transferred to another university, in the city of Leipzig. While walking around Leipzig, I decided to go to one of the bookstores and bought Schopenhauer’s work “The World as Will and Imagination”.

Having absorbed the main ideas of Schopenhauer, he enriched them with his own understanding of nature and the world, added to them a healthy dose of voluntarism. The book had a strong influence on him as a future philosopher. Twenty-four-year-old Friedrich is invited to the University of Basel, but already as a professor to teach classical philology. Such a case can be considered the first in the system of development of European education. However, he did not work in this position for long. Friedrich decides to renounce his Prussian citizenship. He did not take part in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870. At the same time, the University of Basel allowed Professor Friedrich to do sanitary work [2; 5].

He ends his work in 1879, retires, writes books, struggles with illness. He spent the next ten years constantly moving. Despite this, the decade 1879 – 1889 turned out to be the most productive in Nietzsche’s biography, he created his main works. In 1889, mental restlessness and uncertainty in life’s ideologies began to manifest.

Nietzsche’s philosophy covers all possible issues, but is nevertheless not organized into a system. Despite his admiration for Schopenhauer’s theories, Nietzsche criticizes him at some points. Throughout his biography, Friedrich Nietzsche created many works. Some mythology can be identified in his works (for example, the origin of man, dualism).

In his personal life, everything was not easy, because Nietzsche did not show enough sympathy for women, considering them a source of nonsense and misunderstanding in the world. He manages to be a hater of women, a feminist, an anti-feminist. He had strong feelings of love for one person – Lou Salome. For many years, Nietzsche’s biography will concern Elizabeth’s sister, her care and assistance to her brother. Although Elizabeth successfully married Bernard Fester, life did not work out. In Paraguay, she experienced the loss of her husband, who committed suicide due to financial difficulties [2].

Nietzsche does not share anti-Semitism, criticizing his sister for it. Establishing relations with her happened at the end of the life of the philosopher, who was weakened by illness and needed help and care. While he was in this state, Elizabeth was engaged in literary affairs. After making some corrections, I sent his works for publication. Elizabeth created the Nietzsche Museum-Archive, to which in 1930 she invited the leader of the Nazi ideology, Adolf Hitler, and sympathized with the Nazi idea. Satisfied with such a wonderful visit, Hitler appointed a lifelong pension for Friedrich’s sister. In the minds of many people, Nietzsche was associated with the ideology of Nazism [5].

 

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