Реферат “Pedagogical Universities in Ukraine”

INTRODUCTION

 

Actuality of theme. Pedagogical universities in Ukraine are higher educational institutions that specialize in training teachers and educators. These universities have a long history in Ukraine, dating back to the 19th century, and have played a crucial role in the development of education in the country. Today, there are more than 30 pedagogical universities throughout Ukraine, many of which are located in large cities, such as: Kyiv, Lviv and Kharkiv.

Pedagogical universities are key institutions for training future generations of teachers and educators. They provide students with a comprehensive understanding of education as well as practical experience that prepares them for the realities of life. They conduct research that advances the field of education and contributes to the development of educational policy in the country. Students receive training in a variety of subjects, including psychology, pedagogy, sociology and educational management. They also have the opportunity to gain practical experience through internships and teaching practice in schools.

Problems of the development of higher education in Ukraine were considered by many researchers, in particular V. Andrushchenko, I. Beh, L. Vashchenko, S. Goncharenko, I. Zyazyun, V. Kremen, V. Madzigon, I. Perederii, S. Siropolko, V. Shinkaruk , M. Yarmachenko and others. Scientists have studied the key issues of the development of the education system in Ukraine, but many problems remain unsolved, in particular, the stages of development of higher education. Graduates of pedagogical universities in Ukraine are highly valued for their special knowledge and experience in education. They continue to work in a variety of settings, including schools, universities, non-governmental organizations and government agencies. They play a decisive role in shaping the future of Ukrainian education and ensuring that future generations receive quality education.

 

 MAIN PART

 І. Higher education of Ukraine: stages of development

 

The development of higher education in Ukraine began in 1576, when the local patron Kostyantyn Ostrozky founded the Greco-Slavic Academy in the town of Ostroz in Volyn. In this educational institution, a course of “seven liberal arts” was taught: grammar, rhetoric, dialectic, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music. In 1624, the Ostroh Academy ceased to exist. The next stage of the formation of higher education in Ukraine is connected with the formation of the Kyiv-Mohyla College in 1632. It was a higher educational institution that in all parameters met the requirements of a European higher school. In 1701, the collegium received the title and rights of an academy and began to be called the Kyiv Academy.

Education at the academy lasted 12 years and was mainly of a general educational nature. Students received knowledge of history, geography, astronomy, architecture, grammar, philosophy, theology, various languages: Slavic, Ukrainian literary, Greek, Latin, Polish, mastered poetic and rhetorical art, studied classical Greek and Roman literature. Over time, other subjects were introduced in the academy [8]. At that time, the academy was an influential educational, scientific and cultural center in Ukraine and Europe, as well as an elite higher education institution, which allowed in the first half of the 18th century. to experience a significant upsurge and establish collegiums modeled after the Kyiv-Mohyla collegium in Chernihiv (1700), Kharkiv (1721), Pereyaslav (1738) and other cities.

For almost two hundred years, the academy trained scientific, pedagogical and church specialists for Russia and Ukraine. In 1817, the academy ceased to exist. In its place, the Kyiv Theological Seminary was created, renamed in 1819 to the Theological Academy, which ceased to exist in 1918 [1; 8]. In western Ukraine, Lviv University, founded in 1661, played a significant role in the development of higher education. On January 20, 1661, the Polish king Jan Casimir signed a diploma granting the university the status of an academy and the title of a university with the right to teach all modern university disciplines and award academic degrees.

The university had two departments: philosophical and theological. The department of philosophy was preparatory. Students of this department mastered, mainly, the philosophical system of Aristotle for two or three years. History, geography, and the Greek language were studied to a small extent. This was followed by 4 years of theological training. After studying, students received scientific degrees: licentiate, bachelor, master, doctor of science. Later, a department of mathematics was opened at the university, a physics and mathematics office, an astronomical observatory were created, and the study of Polish, French, and German languages was introduced.

In 1787–1808, the Russian Institute functioned at the university, in which academic subjects of theology and philosophy were taught in the Ukrainian language. The aim of the institute was to train educated priests from among young people who did not know Latin [3, 10–11]. At the beginning of the 20th century 4 higher educational institutions operated in western Ukraine: Lviv University, Lviv Polytechnic Institute (1844), Veterinary Academy in Dublyany (1855), Chernivtsi University (1875). However, the contingent of students in these educational institutions was mostly formed not from Ukrainians, but from Poles, Romanians, Austrians, etc. [3, 11].

The next stage of the development of higher education in Ukraine is the emergence of universities on the Ukrainian territory that was part of two empires – Russian and Austro-Hungarian. These universities were purely secular institutions of higher education and provided professional education. The first universities were Kharkiv (1805), Kyiv (1834), Odesa (1865). The organization of the educational process in them was almost the same as in Western European universities, however, unlike the latter, these universities did not have theological faculties. They trained officials, lawyers, and education workers [3, 10–12]. Kharkiv University (1805, founder V. Karazin – a famous scientist, inventor, educational figure) had 4 faculties: physics and mathematics, history and philology, medicine and law, 8 scientific societies, an astronomical observatory.

 

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