Курсова робота ” Варіанти вираження умовного способу в англійській мові “

CONTENT

 

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH ON THE TRANSLATION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION 

1.1 Understanding of Phraseology as a Discipline 

1.2 Understanding of phrasal units and their characteristics 

1.3 Types of Phraseological Units and their Classification 

CHAPTER 2 CREATION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN TRANSLATION 

2.1 Methods and techniques of translation of phraseological units 

2.2 Difficulties of translation of phraseological units 

CONCLUSIONS

LIST OF REFERENCES

 

INTRODUCTION

 

Phraseology is the treasury of every language. Phraseological units reflect the history of the people, the peculiarities of their culture and everyday life. Phraseological units are highly informative language units. This is why the issue of translation of phraseological units is of particular importance in the science of translation.

Researchers of phraseology in various languages note that phraseological units are very often subjected to various transformations in the process of functioning in speech. These transformations are always purposeful and carried out with a specific communicative and stylistic task. Bally wrote: “Whereas a scientist or engineer modifies language to “impersonalize” it and make it more logical and reasoned, a writer transforms it to make it suitable for expressing a purely individual thought, i.e., an effective and aesthetic content” [1].

Phraseological units in the context of culture and due to their figurative emotional-expressive nature in a work of fiction act as the most important linguistic means providing expressiveness and beauty of form. The translation of phraseological units represents a significant difficulty. This is due to the fact that many of them are bright, emotionally saturated turns, belonging to a particular speech style and often carrying a pronounced national character. When translating phraseological units, one should also take into account the specific context in which they are used. Many English stable expressions are characterised by multiple meanings and stylistic diversity, which makes them difficult to translate into other languages.

The work deals with the translation of phraseological units. The study of phraseological units has been studied by a large number of scholars, both native and foreign. Among the Ukrainian investigators are: R. P. Zorvichak. Zorivchak, T. R. Kiyak, A. Naumenko, O. D. Oguy, K. I. Mizin, N. I. Lepukhova, L. I. Goncharova, A. Y. Logvinenko, A. Yu. V. Markovska, Y. A. Nikolaschenko, T. V. Novikova, L. Pishna, J. O. Chura, Y. T. Bilitsya, V. I. Kononenko. Foreign researchers include N. M. Amosova, V. V. Vinogradov, V. M. Telia, and W. Fleischer. In their works, they looked at the definition of ‘phraseology’ and ‘phraseological unit’, the general features of phrases and their classifications.

Since the creation and translation of phraseological units into English has not yet been thoroughly studied and there is still no single consistent classification of ways to translate phraseological units, The relevance of the work is due to the general need to study the development of the FO in order to use this knowledge in the translation process.

The aim of the research is to analyse the development of Ukrainian-English phraseological units in different types of text.

          The objective stated above requires that such tasks should be carried out:

• Consider understanding of phraseology as a discipline
• Examine the understanding of phraseological units and their characteristics
• Analyse types of phraseological units and their classification
• Examine methods and techniques of phraseological units translation
• Analyse difficulties of translating phraseological units

The object of the research is phraseological units in Ukrainian and English languages.

The subject of the analysis is peculiarities of phraseological units translation in Ukrainian and English languages.

The work uses the following research methods: descriptive, comparative-historical, inventory, contextual-interpretive method.

Structure and Scope of the Work. The course work consists of an introduction, two sections, nine sub-headings and conclusions. The work is laid out on 30 pages. The list of resources used includes 40 references.

 

CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF RESEARCH INTO THE TRANSLATION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION

 1.1 Understanding phraseology as a discipline

 

Phraseology (from Greek φράσις “turn of speech” and λόγος “teaching”) is a linguistic discipline that studies stable word combinations with completely or partially reinterpreted meanings (or stable word combinations with complicated semantics) – phraseological units (or phraseological units – PUE). Phraseology studies only such word combinations existing in speech, the overall meaning of which is not equal to the sum of the individual meanings of the words composing the phraseological turn (“to paw” means to bribe, and not something else; cf. phrases “shaggy paw”, “have an itching palm”) [14].

The subject of phraseology as a branch of linguistics is the study of the nature of phraseological expressions and their categorical features, as well as revealing the regularities of their functioning in speech.

According to the difference between idioms, phraseological combinations and stable phrases (proverbs, catchwords and other phraseological propositions), many researchers divide phraseology into phraseology in the narrow sense which studies idioms and phraseological combinations, Phraseology in a broader sense, which studies sustained phrases of different structural types with different semiotic functions (folklore units, fragments of fiction texts, greeting formulas, etc. п.). The understanding of phraseology in a broad sense dates back to the works of V. V. Vinogradov [22].

Phraseology studies the specificity of phraseological units as signs of secondary education, in particular, as a product of a special kind of secondary nomination – indirect, represented by different kinds of synthagmatic interaction of word-components in the processes of re-understanding and forming a new meaning of the original combination or a single word.

Phraseology also studies peculiarities of the sign function of phraseological units, their meanings, structural-semantic specificity, which is seen in the main characteristics of phraseological consistency and reproducibility, Investigates the nature of lexical components of phraseological expressions, their syntactic and morphological structure, the nature of syntactic relations with other units of language and forms of implementation in speech, the nature of limitations in modifications possible for free analogues of phraseological expressions. A special task of phraseology is to study systemic relationships both between phraseological units (which corresponds to the problem of the “phraseological subsystem” of the language) and between phraseological units and the general system of meaningful units, mainly words [32].

The development of systemic problems is connected to the description of phraseological units as special linguistic entities with specific structural-semantic organisation, with the study of their meaning types, in particular the meaning of identifying or characterising type (in their variety), with the analysis of the phenomenon of phraseological polysemy, homonymy, variant-nost, with the identification of grammatical classes of phraseological expressions and with the disclosure of their syntactic functions (taking into account heterogeneity of phraseological units of the language).

 

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